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The decomposition of antibiotics is driven by many factors. Photodegradation, as described for fluorchinolones, tetracyclines and sulphonamides (Sengeløv et al., 2003), does not play a major role since the influence of light is reduced when antibiotics are protected in sludge or slurry. Degradation in soil is mainly brought about by microbial activity, especially enzymatic reactions, transforming the parent compound via hydroxylation and oxidative decarboxylation (Al-Ahmad et al., 1999). Even though these reactions are reversible, antibiotics usually further degrade in manure and soil (Ingerslev and Halling-Sørensen, 2000). Biodegradation in soil increases when manure or sludge with high numbers of microorganisms is added (Ingerslev and Halling-Sørensen, 2001).
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